الفجر
The Dawn
Explanations are simplified from tafsirs by Ibn Kathir, Mufti Muhammad Shafi, and Maulana Wahiduddin Khan. Spot an inaccuracy? Let us know.
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
wal-fajri
By the dawn
walayālin ʿashrin
And [by] ten nights
wal-shafʿi wal-watri
And [by] the even [number] and the odd
wa-al-layli idhā yasri
And [by] the night when it passes,
hal fī dhālika qasamun lidhī ḥij'rin
Is there [not] in [all] that an oath [sufficient] for one of perception?
alam tara kayfa faʿala rabbuka biʿādin
Have you not considered how your Lord dealt with ʿAad -
irama dhāti l-ʿimādi
[With] Iram - who had lofty pillars,
allatī lam yukh'laq mith'luhā fī l-bilādi
The likes of whom had never been created in the land?
wathamūda alladhīna jābū l-ṣakhra bil-wādi
And [with] Thamūd, who carved out the rocks in the valley?
wafir'ʿawna dhī l-awtādi
And [with] Pharaoh, owner of the stakes?
alladhīna ṭaghaw fī l-bilādi
[All of] whom oppressed within the lands
fa-aktharū fīhā l-fasāda
And increased therein the corruption.
faṣabba ʿalayhim rabbuka sawṭa ʿadhābin
So your Lord poured upon them a scourge of punishment.
inna rabbaka labil-mir'ṣādi
Indeed, your Lord is in observation.
fa-ammā l-insānu idhā mā ib'talāhu rabbuhu fa-akramahu wanaʿʿamahu fayaqūlu rabbī akramani
And as for man, when his Lord tries him and [thus] is generous to him and favors him, he says, "My Lord has honored me."
wa-ammā idhā mā ib'talāhu faqadara ʿalayhi riz'qahu fayaqūlu rabbī ahānani
But when He tries him and restricts his provision, he says, "My Lord has humiliated me."
kallā bal lā tuk'rimūna l-yatīma
No! But you do not honor the orphan
walā taḥāḍḍūna ʿalā ṭaʿāmi l-mis'kīni
And you do not encourage one another to feed the poor.
watakulūna l-turātha aklan lamman
And you consume inheritance, devouring [it] altogether,
watuḥibbūna l-māla ḥubban jamman
And you love wealth with immense love.
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